Myocarditis

Causes	Appropriate Tests
	FBC, differential WCC, blood film; CRP or ESR; creatine kinase (CK) and CKMB; cardiac troponin I and cardiac troponin T are more sensitive and specific. If diagnosis is uncertain or if confirmation is required: myocardial biopsy including viral and bacterial culture.
Infection
Viral	Serology as indicated. Virus detection, culture - throat swab/gargle and faeces.
Coxsackievirus B or A infection Cytomegalovirus infection HIV infection Infectious mononucleosis Influenza Adenovirus infection	Definitive diagnosis usually requires virus detection, culture: enterovirus (coxsackievirus) antibodies are of little value. Adenovirus antibodies.
Bacterial associated Diphtheria Rheumatic fever Lyme disease
Protozoal Trypanosoma cruzi Toxoplasmosis	See Chagas' disease under Trypanosomiasis
Other Mycoplasma pneumoniae Chlamydia psittaci	See Mycoplasma infection Chlamydia antibodies.
Q fever	Q fever antibodies.
Autoimmune
SLE
Vasculitis, especially Polyarteritis nodosa
Drug effects, especially Adriamycin Daunorubicin
Other
Phaeochromocytoma
Idiopathic

Glossary Terms